The steering gearbox assembly gives you control of your vehicle by converting the rotation of the steering wheel to a movement that changes the angle of its wheels. Because of its function, the steering gearbox assembly is subject to many forces and is likely to wear down at some point, so it's helpful to learn more about this part, even though you might not have an immediate need to get yours replaced. Keep reading on to find out more about this important part.

Types of Steering Gearbox Assemblies

Manual Steering Gears

These are the most basic type of steering system and are now typically found only in older cars. With manual steering gears, the driver's input at the steering wheel turns the shaft and moves the sector.

Power Steering Gears

Power steering gears are now the standard for vehicles. With a power steering system, the driver has to use considerably less effort to turn the wheels of the vehicle.

The first type of power steering system is the hydraulic system, where the driver is aided by mechanically pumped high-pressure fluid to turn the engine crankshaft. The second type is the electric system, where an electric motor, sensors, and an electronic control unit assist in the action.

Steering Gearbox Assembly Parts

Intermediate Shaft

The intermediate shaft rotates in sync with the steering wheel, allowing the driver to influence the vehicle's direction. This shaft connects to the input shaft, which transmits the rotational motion from the steering wheel to the rest of the steering mechanism.

Pinion

The pinion is a smaller gear that connects with the steering rack. In a steering system, it plays a crucial role by converting the rotational motion of the steering wheel into lateral movement. When the driver turns the wheel, the pinion rotates based on this input, moving the steering rack left or right, which in turn steers the vehicle. This mechanism helps provide precise control and responsiveness during driving.

Steering Rack

The steering rack is an essential component of a vehicle's steering system. It converts the steering wheel's rotational movement into the lateral movement needed to turn the vehicle's wheels. When you turn the steering wheel, the steering rack moves, pulling the tie rods that are connected to the steering knuckles. This action allows the front wheels to pivot left or right, enabling the vehicle to change direction effectively.

Steering Knuckle

Steering knuckles connect the wheel to the suspension and allow the wheels to turn when you steer. The steering knuckle acts as a pivot point, enabling the wheels to move up and down with the suspension while also turning side to side. This movement is crucial for making sharp turns and maintaining control of the vehicle.

How to Choose Steering Gearbox Assemblies

Vehicle Compatibility

To guarantee a proper fit and the original level of performance, ensure that you're getting a steering gearbox assembly specific to your vehicle, as they can differ between models and even model years.

Aftermarket or OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) steering gearbox assemblies are those made by either the car brand themselves or their authorized manufacturers, whereas aftermarket steering gearbox assemblies are made by third-party manufacturers.

We recommend investing in OEM steering gearbox assemblies to return your vehicle to its original level of performance. Because of the more stringent levels of manufacturing, you'll likely get more use out of an OEM replacement. Not to mention, aftermarket units may void your vehicle's warranty.

Common Problems & When to Replace

Steering Fluid Leak

Steering fluid leakage is a clear sign that there is an issue with your steering gearbox assembly. This should be checked out immediately.

Noises When Steering

Noise when steering indicates a problem with the steering gearbox. Creaks usually mean a lack of lubrication, while clicks are a sign of loose components.

Drifting Car and Shaking Wheels

You might find your vehicle drifting even without turning the steering wheel, and/or the steering wheel shakes excessively. These are signs of worn-down parts in the gearbox assembly, so get yours checked out to see if any components need replacing.

Difficult to Turn at Low Speeds

Difficulty turning at low speeds is another sign of a faulty steering gearbox assembly. It can be a safety hazard and should be dealt with as soon as possible.

Routine Steering Gearbox Assembly Maintenance

By carrying out regular maintenance on your steering gearbox assembly, you can keep it running well for as long as possible. The following are measures you can take on your own.

1. Check your steering fluid once a month and top up or replace it if it is low or dirty.
2. Change the power steering filter once a year so that it can properly filter out debris that can damage the power steering pump.
3. Inspect the high- and low-pressure hoses, power steering pump and drive belt, and steering rack covers (known as boots) for damage.
In addition to these maintenance steps, you can also adopt the following driving practices:
1. Avoid puddles, as the water can contaminate the steering gearbox in older models.
2. Avoid making sharp turns that can put extreme stress on the steering gearbox assembly.

Replacing Your Steering Gearbox Assemblies

Replacing a steering gearbox assembly is an intermediate-level task that takes about two to five hours. Below is a simplified explanation of the process.

First, use a jack and jacking stands to lift up the vehicle from its factory jacking points. Remove the power steering lines if your vehicle has them. With a large socket and impact gun, remove the pitman arm nut. Then, using a pitman arm puller, detach the pitman arm from the gearbox. Disconnect the steering column, remove the gearbox bolts, then remove the steering gearbox. It can be quite heavy, so be careful when removing it.

Once the old gearbox is out, center the new gearbox, put it in position, and then refasten the bolts using a torque wrench to tighten them. Next, tighten the rag joint bolts, align and install the pitman arm, and reinstall and connect the power steering lines. Finally, bleed the air from the system and top it up with fresh power steering fluid.

What to Look for When Buying Used Steering Gearbox Assemblies

Check your vehicle's year, make, and model, and determine if it uses a manual or power steering gearbox so that you get one that's compatible. Also, you'll want to purchase your used steering gearbox from a reputable parts dealer for a hassle-free purchase. Buy with confidence with Japan's leading auto parts exporter BE FORWARD Auto Parts today!