In all vehicles, a fuel pump is required to pump fuel into the engine for combustion as well as to maintain the fuel system at a certain pressure level. In modern electric fuel pumps, fuel is drawn out from the fuel tank through the use of a high-speed spinning turbine and subsequently pumped through a fuel line which leads to the engine. If not addressed, fuel pump issues can cause the engine not to work at all. If you're in need of a replacement fuel pump and/or are interested in learning more about this part, keep reading.

Parts of a Fuel Pump

The fuel pump is made up of multiple parts that work together to allow it to pump fuel from the tank to the engine as efficiently as possible.

Tank Level Sensor

The tank level sensor detects the level of fuel in the tank. It is found inside the fuel tank and is made up of a foam float, an actuating metal rod, and a variable resistor.

Electric Motor (Electric Pumps Only)

These are found only in electric pumps. The electric fuel pump motor drives the impeller mechanism to create the necessary pressure to deliver fuel to the engine.

Impeller

The impeller is a propeller-shaped device that connects to the electric motor. When it spins, it draws fuel into the pump and then out to the fuel lines.

Fuel Filter

The fuel filter is found at the inlet side of the pump and removes any contaminants present in the fuel.

Pressure-Relief Valves

These valves automatically release excess fuel pressure back into the fuel tank once it reaches a certain level to prevent dangerous pressure buildup.

Non-return Valves to Prevent Fuel Backflow

These are one-way valves that prevent fuel backflow into the engine when the fuel pump is not running.

Types of Fuel Pumps

Mechanical

Mechanical fuel pumps make use of the engine speed as its driving force. In diesel engines, this is delivered by the belt, while in other types of engines, this might be transmitted by the camshaft mechanism.

Electric Motor (Electric Pumps Only)

Electric fuel pumps make use of an electric motor to turn the impeller that draws the fuel out from the tank.

High-Pressure

High-pressure fuel pumps, typically electric, operate at pressures of 5 to 10 bar (500,000 to 1,000,000 pascals) or higher and are essential for direct fuel injection systems to minimize fuel wastage and improve combustion efficiency.

How to Choose a Fuel Pump

Vehicle Compatibility

To guarantee a proper fit and the original level of performance, ensure that you're getting a fuel pump specific to your vehicle, as they can differ between models and even model years.

Aftermarket or OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) fuel pumps are typically made by authorized manufacturers, whereas aftermarket fuel pumps are made by third-party manufacturers.

We recommend investing in an OEM fuel pump to return your vehicle to its original level of performance. Because of the more stringent levels of manufacturing, you'll likely get more use out of an OEM replacement. Not to mention, aftermarket units usually have a universal fit and might not fit well into your vehicle. Additionally, installing one into your car might void its warranty.

Symptoms of Failing Fuel Pumps

Difficulty Starting The Car

You might face difficulties starting your car with a failing fuel pump since there's insufficient fuel being supplied to the engine.

No Power or Weak Acceleration

With a bad fuel pump, the required amount of fuel might not be provided at the right time, causing a loss of power or weak acceleration, particularly when trying to accelerate quickly or overcome an incline.

Whining from the Fuel Tank

A whining noise from the fuel tank is another sign the fuel pump is failing. This is likely caused by the electric motor in the fuel pump that is unable to meet the fuel demands.

Flashing Injection Indicator/Engine Light

A fault with the fuel pump might be enough to cause the injection indicator and/or "Check Engine" to turn on. It's wise to get your vehicle checked by a mechanic if you're experiencing this in combination with any of the other symptoms above.

Maintaining Your Fuel Pump

You can prolong the lifespan of your fuel pump by performing the following care steps:

1. Keep the fuel tank topped up and prevent it from going below ¼ tank. This keeps the fuel pump submerged, lubricating it and keeping it cool to avoid overheating.
2. If you're keeping your vehicle stored for a long period of time, drain the tank and treat the tank with an additive that prevents water accumulation. This will help prevent corrosion of the fuel pump.

Replacing Your Fuel Pump

It's possible to replace your vehicle's fuel pump by carrying out the following steps:

1. For starters, make sure you're working in a well-ventilated area and use gloves and goggles to protect from fuel spills. You might also want to drain the fuel tank to reduce the likelihood of fuel spills and reduce the weight while removing it.
2. With the necessary prep work done, you can relieve the fuel system pressure. This can be done by either running the engine, then pulling the fuel pump relay while the engine is on, or pressing the Schrader valve on the pressure line while the engine is off.
3. Locate the fuel tank and remove it. A car jack might be required in some cases.
4. Take note of the fuel line connections and wiring. Remove the connections and undo the nut holding the old fuel pump in. You can then remove the fuel pump.
5. Put in the new fuel pump and reassemble the fuel system. Turn on the engine to test that the new fuel pump is working.

Where to Buy Quality Used & New Fuel Pumps

Replacing your vehicle's fuel pump doesn't have to cost a fortune. Find a used fuel pump in good condition and at a great price here at BE FORWARD Auto Parts.