Modern cars rely on a wide range of electrical components working together to power everything, from the engine and brakes to convenience features like the infotainment system. Electrical components are parts that carry, store, or use electric current within the car. They include parts that create power, like the battery and alternator, as well as parts that use power, like windshield wipers and blower motors. Without reliable electrical components, your car can have poor performance, operational problems, or even safety risks.

What Other Electrical Components Do

Your car's electrical system forms a closed network of circuits and modules that generate, distribute, and use power to make the car function. The electrical components begin with the battery, which stores energy. Once the engine is running, the alternator takes over. It creates power to charge the battery and run all other electrical parts and operations. These operations can include running the air-conditioning system or adjusting mirrors with motors.

Main Types of Other Electrical Components

Besides the parts that create power, a car's electrical system also includes other parts that allow essential systems to work.

・Battery – The battery stores electrical energy to start the engine and power accessories when the engine isn't running. Most cars use 12-volt lead-acid batteries with six cells.

・Starter – The starter is a special type of electric motor that uses power from the battery to turn the engine and get it running.

・Alternator – The alternator generates electrical power while the engine is running and charges the battery.

・Starter Motor – The starter motor engages with the flywheel or flexplate to physically turn the engine.

・Fuel Pump Switch – This switch controls power to the fuel pump to ensure proper fuel flow.

・Fuse Box – The fuse box contains fuses that protect electrical circuits by breaking the circuit if the current gets too high.

・Wiring Harness – Wiring harnesses bundle wires that connect components. Each wire varies in thickness depending on the power requirements of each circuit.

・Cooling Fans – Cooling fans help regulate the engine's temperature by pushing air through the radiator.

・AC Blower – The A/C blower circulates air within the cabin via the air-conditioning system.

・Lighting – These are all the headlights, taillights, indicators, and interior lamps in and on the car.

・Motors – These are auxiliary electric motors for the power windows, windshield wipers, and adjustable mirrors.

Maintenance

Proper care will help prolong the life of your car's electrical components. The following are some steps you can take to maintain these parts:

・Keep battery terminals clean, such as by removing any corrosion, to ensure good connectivity.
・Check battery charge levels and replace weak batteries before they give out.
・Replace fuses correctly when they blow, matching the specified amperage.
・Inspect wiring for cracks, chafing, or loose connections and fix as necessary.
・Protect components from moisture and dirt to prevent corrosion and shorts.
・Finally, schedule regular inspections of your charging system, including battery and alternator voltage output.

Common Electrical Component Problems

Dead or Low-Power Battery

Excessive drains or old age can leave the battery too weak to start the car. Some signs of a weak battery are dim lights or a slow crank.

Alternator is Malfunctioning

A failing alternator may cause dimming lights, a warning light on the dashboard, or a dead battery, since it cannot recharge the battery properly.

Bad Starter

If the starter fails, you may hear a clicking sound or nothing at all when you turn the key.

Faulty Fuse Box

A faulty fuse box or corroded or blown fuses in the fuse box can turn off specific systems in the car.

Bad Spark Plugs

Faulty spark plugs might result in engine misfires or rough starts.

Engine Control Module Fails

A malfunctioning control module can cause erratic engine behavior, warning lights going on, or communication issues between systems.

Wiring Issues

Damaged wiring can lead to intermittent or complete failure of electrical systems, including sensors, lighting, or accessories.

How to Choose the Right Electrical Components

Aftermarket or OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) parts are made by the car's manufacturer, while aftermarket parts are made by other companies.

When using an aftermarket part on a car still under warranty, it's important to check if it affects coverage for related repairs.

Vehicle Compatibility

Always match the new component's part number to the OEM or the part being replaced. Even small design changes between model years or trims can affect fit and function. The best way to make sure you're buying the right one is to match the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).

Installation Considerations

The difficulty of installation varies from part to part. Here are some of the parts suitable for DIY installation:

・The Battery – Swapping out the battery is a relatively simple job that only requires some basic tools. Just be sure to disconnect the negative terminal first.
・Adding Auxiliary Power Outlets – You can add extra 12V power sockets by using the spare fuse slots.
・Dash Cams and Stereos – These have very simple wiring and are easy to install.

For more complex jobs like rewiring a harness, replacing an alternator, or swapping out a control module, we recommend leaving the task to a professional to avoid damaging sensitive electronics.

Where to Buy Quality New & Used Electrical Parts

You can find brand-new electrical parts from trusted auto parts retailers or your vehicle's dealership. For reliable used units at affordable prices, check out BE FORWARD Auto Parts.