Your car's air conditioning system provides you with much-needed cool air in hot weather and comforting warmth during the colder times of the year. At the heart of every air conditioning system is the A/C compressor. The compressor's primary role is to put pressure on the refrigerant to activate its heat-transfer characteristics. Without one in good working condition, your car's air conditioning system might not work correctly. Keep reading on to learn more about A/C compressors.

A/C Compressor Types

Rotary Compressors

Rotary compressors are efficient compressors that use rotors to compress air.

Reciprocating Compressors

Reciprocating compressors are simple and inexpensive, featuring two cylinders that move back and forth to compress the refrigerant. They are only able to run at one speed.

Scroll Compressors

Scroll compressors use a scroll-shaped rotor to compress the refrigerant.

Rotary Vane Compressors

Rotary vane compressors use a rotating vane to compress air. These are simple, reliable, and quiet.

Swash Plate Compressors

Swashplate compressors are compact and efficient compressors that use an angled swash plate to create a reciprocating motion. This motion propels the pistons to compress the air.

One-Way Swash Plate Compressors

In this type of swash plate compressor, the swash plate can only turn one way. One-way or variable displacement swash plate compressors have a more stable temperature control.

A/C Compressors Parts

Condenser

The condenser cools down the humid air entering the compressor and condenses it into a cold fluid.

Receiver Dryer

The receiver dryer filters and removes moisture from the refrigerant in the compressor, protecting it from dirt and other elements that might otherwise damage it.

Accumulator

The accumulator takes the place of the receiver dryer in vehicles with orifice tubes instead of thermal expansion valves. Besides providing the same function, it prevents the compressor from drawing in too much refrigerant.

Expansion Valve

The expansion valve separates the condenser and evaporator.

Evaporator

The evaporator cools down and dehumidifies air released back into the cabin. This is the final stage in the cooling process.

Clutches

An electromagnetic clutch is the part that activates the compressor when the A/C is turned on.

How to Choose A/C Compressors

Vehicle Compatibility

To guarantee a proper fit and the original level of performance, ensure that you're getting an A/C compressor specific to your vehicle, as they can differ between models and even model years.

Aftermarket or OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) A/C compressors are typically made by authorized manufacturers, whereas aftermarket A/C compressors are made by third-party manufacturers.

We recommend investing in OEM A/C compressors to return your vehicle's air conditioning system to its original level of performance. Because of the more stringent levels of manufacturing, you'll likely get more use out of an OEM replacement. Not to mention, aftermarket units may void your vehicle's warranty.

Common Problems & When to Replace

Weak or Warm Air

If your car's A/C releases warm or weak air, there may be problems with the cooling or the blower and other electrical components. Warm air is usually a result of a refrigerant leak, and the expertise of a trained mechanic might be needed to solve it. On the other hand, weak airflow could be a result of blown fuses, bad relays, damage to blower parts, blocked air intake, or damaged belts and hoses.

Loud Noises

Loud noises when the A/C is turned on could indicate anything from part failure to worn-out bearings. Check with a trusted mechanic if you're experiencing these.

AC Clutch Not Engaging

When the A/C clutch doesn't engage, the compressor cannot pump refrigerant. This could be due to any one of many causes, so check with a mechanic for an accurate diagnosis.

Leaking Refrigerant

You might see fluid on the ground where your car is parked and/or liquid and stains in the cabin, under the hood, and on the compressor. Air from the vents might also be warm. In such cases, a mechanic might be able to fix the leak by replacing some parts.

Engine Overloaded

Your A/C compressor might overload the engine if it is not working correctly. This is usually due to faulty A/C parts that make it run less efficiently, putting additional strain. As a result, the engine might overheat and have reduced power. The fix for this is to repair or swap out the offending parts.

Visible Damage

If there's visible damage on the compressor, it's wise to check with a mechanic, especially if accompanied by other issues.

Strange Smells

Strange smells, particularly stale smells, indicate bacteria, mold, or fungi growing in the A/C system. If not solved by swapping out the air filter, you might need a mechanic to check for an issue with the evaporator.

Routine A/C Compressor Maintenance

You can follow the steps below to maintain the condition of your A/C compressor.
1. Change the air filter to keep it running efficiently.
2. Always make sure that refrigerant levels are topped up. This should be done every two years, and you might need the help of a mechanic.
3. Ease your A/C into certain temperatures rather than immediately cranking the temperature setting to extremes.
4. Pay attention to strange noises. These might hint at issues with the A/C compressor, and by being aware of problems, you can address them before they cause more significant issues.

Replacing Your A/C Compressors

The tools you will need to replace an A/C compressor are:
・Wrenches and sockets
・Screwdrivers
・Pliers
・A/C manifold gauge set
・Refrigerant recovery machine
・Vacuum pump
・Safety glasses and gloves

Here is a simple guide to replacing your A/C compressor:
1. Remove the compressor belt
2. Disconnect the electrical connector
3. Disconnect refrigerant lines
4. Remove the compressor
5. Install the new compressor

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