Brake calipers are a less-known part of a vehicle's disc brake system, but they play one of the more critical roles. They are attached to the wheel rotor and clamp down on it when the brakes are activated to slow down the wheels. Found in each caliper is the brake pad that makes contact with the wheel rotor. If you're in need of a replacement brake caliper or just want to find out more about this part, keep reading.

Brake Caliper Components

Brake calipers are made up of the following components:

Housing

The housing is typically made of aluminum or steel and is the main structure of the brake caliper. It provides support to other brake caliper components, delivers the required hydraulic pressure to activate the brake pad, and makes contact with brake rotors to produce stopping power.

Pistons

The piston is the power source of the brake caliper. When the brake pedal is pressed, hydraulic force pushes on the pistons and causes the brake pads to make contact with the rotor to slow it down.

Brake Pads

These are pads that comprise steel shoes with high-friction linings made of different materials. The brake pads grip onto the rotor, generating friction to slow the wheels down.

Slide Pins

In floating brake calipers, slide pins ensure that pressure is distributed on the brake pads to avoid seizing.

Seals and Dust Boots

These are the rubber o-rings and covers that prevent dirt and other debris from reaching and damaging the piston, protecting it and keeping contaminants out.

Bleeder Screw

These are found at the top of the brake caliper and are used to bleed any air that has found its way into the braking system.

Types of Calipers

Floating

Floating calipers move laterally relative to the rotor and have pistons only on one side. When the brake pedal is stepped down on, brake fluid pushes the pistons outwards, causing the brake pad to press against one side of the rotor, which results in the caliper sliding to bring the pad on the opposite side into contact with the rotor.

Fixed

Fixed calipers are immobile relative to the brake disc and come with pistons on both sides of the rotor that extend and push the brake pads against the rotor when the brakes are activated.

Sliding

Sliding calipers are similar to floating calipers in that they have pistons on just one side of the rotor. They move back and forth during braking thanks to pins or sliders that allow this motion. Because of their lateral movement during braking, sliding calipers can really be seen as a type of floating caliper.

How to Choose Brake Calipers

Vehicle Compatibility

On top of selecting brake calipers that are made for your vehicle's model, you can also check your vehicle's specifications to choose the most appropriate brake calipers, especially if you're buying aftermarket brake calipers. This includes looking at the wheel clearance, material, and rotor size.

Aftermarket or OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) brake calipers are typically made by authorized manufacturers, whereas aftermarket brake calipers are made by third-party manufacturers.

We recommend investing in an OEM brake caliper to return your vehicle to its original level of performance. Because of the more stringent levels of manufacturing, you'll likely get more use out of an OEM replacement. Not to mention, aftermarket units may void your vehicle's warranty.

Symptoms of Failing Brake Calipers

Uneven Brake Pad Wear

If your brake caliper is stuck, it might wear out the brake pad that it is pressing against, resulting in uneven wear. In addition to replacing the offending brake caliper, you should replace all the brake pads.

Reduced Braking Ability

You might need to put in more effort to stop your vehicle if you have a fault with the brake caliper. Get the braking system checked out.

Pulling to One Side when Braking

When the brake caliper is stuck, it might pull excessively on one side of the vehicle. In such a case, the brake caliper should be replaced as soon as possible, as your safety is compromised.

Fluid Leaks Around Caliper

The brake fluid near the wheels might be a sign that the calipers or hoses have developed a leak. Get your braking system checked to determine the location of the leak accurately.

Noises Like Rubbing, Squealing, or Grinding

Such noises are also signs of a stuck brake caliper that continuously presses the brake pads against the brake disc. Replacing it should solve the issue.

Maintenance

You can prolong the life of your disc brakes and other components like the brake calipers by carrying out regular maintenance. Check periodically for leaks and dirt so that you can rectify the leak and remove the dirt as soon as possible. Also, make sure that the fluid levels of the brake system are topped up and that the pistons are well-lubricated.

Replacing Your Brake Calipers

You'll need the following tools to replace your vehicle's brake calipers:

1. Ratchet and socket set
2. Hammer
3. Small screwdriver
4. Gloves
5. Oil catch pan
6. Wheel chocks and jack stand

With these ready, you can begin to attempt removing and replacing the brake calipers. Keep in mind that the tools necessary for your particular vehicle may differ.

First, slot the wheel chocks in and jack the vehicle up using the jack stand. Remove the wheel and then place the oil catch pan under the caliper where it connects to the hose. Disconnect the hose and let the brake fluid drain into the pan. Next, remove the bolts on the caliper and slide the caliper off the rotor.

Install the new caliper by carefully slotting it onto the rotor with the bleed valve at the top of the caliper. Hold the brake pads apart while doing so to avoid causing any damage to them. Reattach and tighten the bolts before reconnecting the hose.

Where to Buy Quality New & Used Brake Calipers

You'll find well-maintained brake calipers for your vehicle at great prices here at BE FORWARD Auto Parts.